Human Research and Clinical Ethics

Research involving human participants, human biological materials, identifiable personal information, or clinical investigations must comply with applicable ethical requirements, institutional regulations, and relevant national and international standards.

Where required, authors must obtain approval from an appropriate ethics committee or institutional review board before conducting the research. Informed consent must be obtained wherever applicable.

The abstract should include a concise ethical statement identifying the approving committee and approval or reference number, where applicable. Authors must protect participant confidentiality and avoid disclosing identifying information without appropriate authorization. Clinical trials and other regulated studies must comply with applicable registration and reporting requirements.